Process of making steel.



UNITED STATES No Drawing.

To all wlwm 'it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, LOUIS M. Arm. a citiz en of the United States, and a resident of kewark, county of Essex, and State of Xew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Making Steel, of which the following is a specification.

The ordinary process of making steel from a mixture of pig iron, steel and iron scrap in a basic open hearth furnace is expensive in certain localities owing to the high priceof pig and also to the large amount of lime stone necessary to add to the charge to elimina te the phosphorus. The pig iron and cast iron are used in order to obtain a sufficient amount of carbon to meltdown the steel. Some attempts have -been made to introduce sufficient carbon to the charge without using pig iron or cast iron. This has been done by adding the carbon in the form of ord'nary :oke, charcoal or anth ache in pulverized form. but it has not proved satisfactory as the greaterportion of the carbon so introduced is carried off with the vapors, or otherwise, during the melting down process and before thocarbon can be taken up or absorbed b 'the metal. After much experimenting .hmze discovered that if carbon of 3....(2m'Iaincharacter is used during the meltingfidown of. the charge. substantially all of sac carbon Will be absorbed'during the melting down and a high grade steel produced.

In carrying out my process I use carbon. preferably in the form of what is known as oil retort carbon. This carbon is prefer ably pulverized before it is added to the charge. This grade of carbon is very hard and y ill remain in the charge during the melting down foa much longer time than other carlmn. 'It is therefore absorbed and not carried off by the vapors.

In carrying out my process I introduce in an open heartlnfurimce lime stone or other suitablehux; then the steel and iron scrap and then the pulverized carbon. and on top of this the pig or castiron. The whole is melted or boiled down and the product is a fine grade of steel.

In some instances I may put the carbon in the furnace first, n which case during the process of melting down the carbon has to ass through the melted charge. and before it, has an opportunity to escape or pass oil with the vapors it is absorbed by the melted PATENT OFFICE.

rnocnss or MAKING STEEI i.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 1 4. 1909. Application filed January 5, 1909. Serial No. 470,317.

metal. 'ith a certain grade or quality of steel scrap. the iron. in the form ofscrap. cast or pi may be dispensed withl I may also in certain cases dispense with the useof lime stone. Y

I preferably use these materials in the following pro oortions, although it is to be understood that these proportions may be changed without departing from my invention or the spirit thereof.

Steel scrap. about 7 5 per cent. Cast iron or pig about 18 per cent. Carbon aho'ut 2 per cent. Lime stone about per cent.

These proportions give a saving of about 30 per cent. of pig and 50 per cent. of lime stone. By using steel scrap. which is low in phosphorus, it .is not. necessary to use as large a quantity of lime stone as has heretofore been used in the ordinary process of making steel.-

By the term iron as used in the claims, I mean, ordinary cast iron, or pig iron or both.

\Vhile I have described my process as used in an open hearth furnace, it is to be understood thatitmay also be carried out with success inan electric furnace.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The process of making steel which comprises the steps of charging a furnace with steel scrap and oil retortcarbon, and boiling down the charge.

steel scrap, iron, and oil retort carbon, and boiling down the charge.

3. The proce s of making steel which coinprises the stepsof charging a furnace with steel sc'a a suitable flux, and oil retort carboln mi tbboiling down the charge.

at. The process of making steel which conin charging a furnace with steel scrap. iron, a suitable flux, and oil retort carbon, and boiling down the charge.

5. The process of making steel which consists in charging a furnace with lime stone. steel scrap, pulverized oil retort carbon and cast iron, and then melting down the charge.

6. The process of making steel which consists in charging a furnace first, with lime stone. then with steel scrap. nextwith pul- The process of making steel which com-- prises the steps of charging a furnace with.

- about 18 per cent. carbon about 2 per cent.

verized oil retort carbon, and finzilly. with non about 2 per cent. and lime stone about cast iron and then melting down the charge. 5 per cent.

7. The process of making steel which confin witness whereof I have hereunto set my sists in charging a furnace with steel scrap hand at Newark, county of Essex and State 15 about 75 per cent., cas,t iron ands-pig iron of New Jersey this 29th day of December,

1908. v and lime stone about 5 er c'ent. w 1 i 8. The process of melting steel which con- LOUIE T sists in charging a furnace With scrap steel about 75 per cent, cast iron and pig iron about 18 per cent, pulverized oil retort can In presence of v HENRY Arne, JoHN J RANAGAN. 

